Journalistic media and adolescents in the COVID-19 pandemic: a documental analysis / Mídia jornalística e os adolescentes na pandemia da COVID-19: uma análise documental

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze how the journalistic media has described the issues of quality of life (QoL), physical activity (PA) and mental health (MH) of adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This is a descriptive and qualitative study that used content analysis. Sixty-two journalistic publications were analyzed from a total of 8211 published by the most read newspapers in each Brazilian region between December 2019 and August 2021. Results: The results were grouped and evaluated in three categories: QoL (n=11), PA (n =9) and MH (n=42). In the analyzed period, the adolescents had more time of exposure to screens, contributing to an inadequate diet, a decrease in PA and impairments in QoL. According to the media publications, the pandemic has also contributed to an increase in anxiety, depression, loneliness and fear resulting from the mental and emotional disorganization caused by the abrupt change in routine. Social vulnerability was presented as an aggravating factor in this context. The journalistic media did not pay the necessary attention to adolescents regarding the negative consequences of the pandemic on QoL, PA and MH. Conclusions: The analyzed reports showed that the pandemic caused a decrease in social interaction, feelings of uncertainty, fear and the appearance/exacerbation of symptoms of anxiety, stress and depression. Social vulnerability was presented as another obstacle to be faced in this problem.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar como a mídia jornalística tem descrito as questões de qualidade de vida (QV), atividade física (AF) e saúde mental (SM) de adolescentes durante a pandemia da COVID-19. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo e qualitativo que utilizou a análise de conteúdo. Foram analisadas 62 publicações jornalísticas do total de 8.211 veiculadas pelos jornais mais lidos de cada região brasileira entre dezembro de 2019 e agosto de 2021. Resultados: Os resultados foram agrupados e avaliados em três categorias: QV (n=11), AF (n=9) e SM (n=42). No período analisado as publicações jornalísticas sugerem que os adolescentes apresentaram maior tempo de exposição a telas, contribuindo para uma alimentação inadequada, diminuição da AF e prejuízos na QV. A pandemia também contribuiu com aumento da ansiedade, depressão, solidão e medo resultantes da desorganização mental e emocional causada pela mudança abrupta de rotina. A vulnerabilidade social apresentou-se como um fator agravante nesse contexto. As mídias jornalísticas não deram a atenção necessária aos adolescentes no que se refere às consequências negativas da pandemia na QV, AF e SM. Conclusões: As reportagens analisadas mostraram que a pandemia causou diminuição na interação social, sentimentos de incerteza, medo e o aparecimento/exacerbação de sintomas de ansiedade, estresse e depressão. A vulnerabilidade social apresentou-se como mais um obstáculo a ser enfrentado nesta problemática.

Journalistic media and adolescents in the COVID-19 pandemic: a documental analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze how the journalistic media has described the issues of quality of life (QoL), physical activity (PA) and mental health (MH) of adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: This is a descriptive and qualitative study that used content analysis. Sixty-two journalistic publications were analyzed from a total of 8211 published by the most read newspapers in each Brazilian region between December 2019 and August 2021. RESULTS: The results were grouped and evaluated in three categories: QoL (n=11), PA (n =9) and MH (n=42). In the analyzed period, the adolescents had more time of exposure to screens, contributing to an inadequate diet, a decrease in PA and impairments in QoL. According to the media publications, the pandemic has also contributed to an increase in anxiety, depression, loneliness and fear resulting from the mental and emotional disorganization caused by the abrupt change in routine. Social vulnerability was presented as an aggravating factor in this context. The journalistic media did not pay the necessary attention to adolescents regarding the negative consequences of the pandemic on QoL, PA and MH. CONCLUSIONS: The analyzed reports showed that the pandemic caused a decrease in social interaction, feelings of uncertainty, fear and the appearance/exacerbation of symptoms of anxiety, stress and depression. Social vulnerability was presented as another obstacle to be faced in this problem.

Does Physical Fitness Relate to Academic Achievement in High School Students?

BACKGROUND: Academic achievement (AA) is an important issue not only during the school period since it is a strong predictor of long-term professional and social success. Physical fitness (PF) components are associated with AA, and previous studies were conducted with relatively small samples, lack of statistical power, and the conclusions are based on simple correlational analyses. The objective of this study was to analyze the association between PF (single and clustered) with AA in a large and representative sample of high school students. METHODS: Cross-sectional design study conducted with 911 students, aged 13-15 years (38.52% boys) enrolled in the first year of high school. Cardiorespiratory fitness (20-m shuttle run test), muscular strength (dynamometer), and body composition (skinfolds) were measured. PF components were clustered (Z-cardiorespiratory fitness + Z-muscular strength - Z-body fatness). AA was analyzed through standard math tests. Hierarchical linear regression analysis was applied to verify the independent contribution of each single component and PF's cluster on AA. Age, screen time, maternal education, race, and type of residence were used as covariates. RESULTS: Among boys, cardiorespiratory fitness was negatively associated with AA (ß = -0.137; P = .041), while strength was positively associated with AA (ß = 0.188; P = .004). There was no association between clustered PF indicators and AA (ß = 0.064; P = .297). There was a negative association between age and AA in girls (ß = -0.151; P = .003) and in boys (ß = -0.128; P = .045). CONCLUSIONS: These results support current literature, indicating an association between PF's component, namely muscular strength and AA (mathematics) in adolescents, even when controlled for several covariates.

Correlatos de atividade física e comportamento sedentário em crianças pré-escolares sul-americanas: revisão de escopo

[RESUMO]. Objetivo. Sintetizar os achados sobre correlatos da atividade física (AF) e do comportamento sedentário (CS) em crianças sul-americanas. Método. Realizou-se uma busca dos artigos no período de 24 de junho até 27 de outubro de 2020, nas bases de dados LILACS, PubMed, SciELO, Scopus e Web of Science. Para ampliar a busca, foram examinadas as referências dos artigos de revisão identificados e realizada uma consulta a um painel de especialistas. Foram incluídos estudos com delineamentos observacional e de intervenção com foco em crianças sul-americanas de zero a 5 anos de idade. Resultados. Dos 3 111 artigos inicialmente identificados, 18 foram elegíveis: 14 com delineamento observacional, 12 realizados no Brasil e 17 conduzidos com pré-escolares (3 a 5 anos de idade). Além do Brasil, os únicos países representados foram o Chile e o Equador. A AF e o CS foram medidos por acelerômetros em sete estudos, porém houve alta variabilidade nos instrumentos e pontos de corte usados. Embora as crianças tenham sido consideradas fisicamente ativas em 12 estudos, seis estudos mostraram que elas despendiam muito tempo em CS. Os domínios de influência mais avaliados foram o individual (14 estudos) e o interpessoal (11 estudos), seguidos pelo ambiental (oito estudos) e o político (um estudo). As intervenções no contexto escolar (quatro estudos) aumentaram os níveis de AF e diminuíram o tempo em CS. Entretanto, as evidências dos estudos transversais e de intervenção apresentaram alto risco de viés. Conclusão. Diante das lacunas identificadas, recomendam-se estudos com delineamentos robustos que incluam mais países sul-americanos, com foco em bebês e crianças com menos de 3 anos de idade e que investiguem correlatos dos domínios ambiental e político.

[ABSTRACT]. Objective. To synthesize the findings on correlates of physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) in South American children. Method. A search was carried out from June 24 to October 27, 2020, in the LILACS, PubMed, SciELO, Scopus and Web of Science databases. To broaden the search, the references of identified review articles were examined, and a panel of experts was surveyed. Observational and interventional studies conducted with South-American children from zero to 5 years of age were included. Results. Of 3 111 articles initially identified, 18 were eligible: 14 observational studies, 12 studies conducted in Brazil, and 17 studies investigating preschool children (3 to 5 years of age). In addition to Brazil, only Chile and Ecuador were represented. PA and SB were measured by accelerometers in seven studies; however, high variability was observed in the instruments and cut-off points used. Although children were classified as physically active in 12 studies, six studies showed that they spent considerable time in SB. Most studies assessed the individual (14 studies) and interpersonal (11 studies) domains, followed by the environmental (eight studies) and political (one study) domains. Interventions in the school context (four studies) increased PA levels and reduced the time spent in SB. However, the evidence from cross-sectional and interventional studies presented a high risk of bias. Conclusions. Given the knowledge gap identified in this review, studies with robust designs, covering additional South American countries are warranted, focusing on infants and children under 3 years of age and investigating correlates in the environmental and political domains.

[RESUMEN]. Objetivo. Resumir los hallazgos sobre la correlación entre actividad física (AF) y comportamiento sedentario (CS) en la población infantil en América del Sur. Método. Se realizó una búsqueda de los artículos publicados entre el 24 de junio y el 27 de octubre del 2020 en las bases de datos LILACS, PubMed, SciELO, Scopus y Web of Science. Para ampliar la búsqueda, se examinaron las referencias de los artículos de revisión encontrados y se consultó con un panel de expertos. Se incluyeron estudios observacionales y de intervención centrados en población infantil de 0 a 5 años de edad en América del Sur. Resultados. De los 3 111 artículos encontrados inicialmente, 18 cumplieron con los criterios establecidos: 14 tenían un diseño observacional, 12 se llevaron a cabo en Brasil y 17 se realizaron con niños y niñas en edad preescolar (de 3 a 5 años). Además de Brasil, los únicos países representados fueron Chile y Ecuador. La AF y el CS se midieron con acelerómetros en 7 estudios, pero se observó una alta variabilidad en los instrumentos y los puntos de corte utilizados. Aunque se consideró que niños y niñas eran físicamente activos en 12 estudios, 6 estudios revelaron que pasaban mucho tiempo en CS. Los ámbitos de influencia más evaluados fueron el individual (14 estudios) y el interpersonal (11 estudios), seguidos del ambiental (8 estudios) y el político (1 estudio). Las intervenciones en el contexto escolar (4 estudios) aumentaron los niveles de AF y disminuyeron el tiempo en CS. Sin embargo, la evidencia de los estudios transversales y de intervención presentó un alto riesgo de sesgo. Conclusiones. En vista de las lagunas detectadas, se recomienda que se realicen estudios con diseño robusto que incluyan más países sudamericanos, se centren en bebés y menores de 3 años e investiguen correlaciones en los ámbitos político y ambiental.

Physical Activity Guidelines for the Brazilian Population: Recommendations Report.

BACKGROUND: This article presents the recommendations from the Physical Activity Guidelines for the Brazilian Population. METHODS: A steering committee composed of a chair, 6 experts in physical activity, and representatives from the Ministry of Health/Brazil, Pan American Health Organization, Brazilian Society of Physical Activity and Health designed the guidelines, which was implemented by 8 working groups, as follows: (1) understanding physical activity, (2) children up to 5 years old, (3) children and youth from 6 to 17 years old, (4) adults, (5) older adults (60 years and above), (6) physical education at school, (7) pregnant and postpartum women, and (8) people with disabilities. The methodological steps included evidence syntheses, hearings with key stakeholders, and public consultation. RESULTS: Across 8 chapters, the guidelines provide definitions of physical activity and sedentary behavior, informing target groups on types of physical activity, dosage (frequency, intensity, and duration), benefits, and supporting network for physical activity adoption. The guidelines are openly available in Portuguese, Spanish, English, and Braille and in audio versions, with a supplementary guide for health professionals and decision makers, and a report about the preparation and references. CONCLUSIONS: The Physical Activity Guidelines for the Brazilian Population provide evidence-based recommendations, being a public-directed resource to contribute to the physical activity promotion in Brazil.

Impact of Covid-19 on the mental health, quality of life and level of physical activity in university students / Impacto da Covid-19 na saúde mental, qualidade de vida e nível de atividade física em universitários

Young people can have negative repercussions on their mental health, quality of life and on illnesses related to physical inactivity due to social isolation and fear of the disease (Covid-19). This study aimed to analyze the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the quality of life, level of physical activity and mental health of university students. College students (16-24 years old) completed an online interview, considering possible changes in mental health, quality of life and physical activity level, evaluating the moment before and during the pandemic. The recruitment strategy of the participants was the snowball type. 1,167 young people (69.2%-women) attended in the study, of which 8.8% had a confirmed diagnosis of Covid-19. There was a worsening in all scores of quality of life, stress and depression during the pandemic when compared to the period prior to the pandemic (p < 0.001). The pandemic also increased inactivity among young people (49.1% vs 28%, p < 0.001). Female students, from the health area, who had their own home and who did not have confirmed diagnosis of Covid-19 showed increased stress in the pandemic period. The Covid-19 pandemic worsened the indicators of mental health, quality of life and level of physical activity among university students. It is noteworthy that despite not being a risk group for the aggravation of the disease and consequent higher mortality, restrictions related to the pandemic limited or prevented the movement of people and this isolation can represent important changes in health in the medium and long term in this population

Jovens podem ter repercussões negativas em sua saúde mental, qualidade de vida e em doenças relacionadas com a inatividade física devido ao isolamento social e medo da doença (Covid-19). Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar o impacto da pandemia da Covid-19 na qualidade de vida, nível de atividade física e saúde mental de jovens universitários. Jovens universitários (16 a 24 anos) completaram uma entrevista online, considerando possíveis mudanças na saúde mental, qualidade de vida e nível de atividade física considerando o momento anterior e durante a pandemia. A estratégia de recrutamento dos participantes foi do tipo bola de neve. Participaram 1.167 jovens (69,2% mulheres), dos quais 8,8% tiveram diagnóstico de Covid-19 confirmado. Houve uma piora em todos os escores de qualidade de vida, estresse e depressão durante a pandemia quando comparados com o período anterior à pandemia (p < 0,001). A pandemia também aumentou a inatividade nos jovens (49% vs 28%, p < 0,001). Estudantes do sexo feminino, da área de saúde, que tinham casa própria e que não tiveram diagnóstico confirmado de Covid-19 apresentaram aumento do estresse no período pandêmico. A pandemia Covid-19 piorou os indicadores de saúde mental, qualidade de vida e nível de atividade física de jovens universitários. Chama atenção que apesar de não ser um grupo de risco para o agravamento da doença e consequente maior mortalidade, restrições relacionadas a pandemia limitaram ou evitaram a circulação de pessoas e esse isolamento pode representar importantes modificações na saúde a médio e longo prazo nesse público

Tracking of physical activity and sedentary behavior of adolescents in different domains

This study aimed to verify the tracking of physical activity and sedentary behavior in different domains during adolescence. This longitudinal study involved 265 subjects (boys: 52.8%) with an initial mean age of 13.9 (± 1.2) years. Physical activity and sedentary behavior were verified using a questionnaire. The achievement of ≥ 150 min. week-1of moderate-to-vigorous intensity sport and/or physical exercise for ≥ 1 month was adoptedas sufficiently active. The data were collected on 2 occasions, with an average interval of 3 years. The description of the results used the relative frequency and Binary Logistic Regression was used to estimate the crude and adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals). Current physical activity (adjusted odds ratios = 3.05; 95% confidence intervals: 1.77 -5.26) and sedentary behavior (adjusted odds ratios = 1.81; 95% confidence intervals: 1.03 -3.19) appear to be significantly influenced by previousbehavior, except for light-intensity physical activity. Only 12.8% of the participants remained sufficiently active for sport and/or physical exercise. Practice for at least one month of sport and/or physical exercise at baseline was a predictor of practice in the follow-up, both considering participation for at least one month (adjusted odds ratios = 2.81; 95% confidence intervals: 1.37 -5.79) and for four months (adjusted odds ratios = 2.47; 95% confidence intervals: 1.17 -5.24) in the follow-up. Beingsufficiently active at baseline increased the chance of being sufficiently active in the follow-up during adolescence. Interventions providing sufficient sport and/or physical exercise could positively influence the chances of practice in the future. For light-intensity physical activity interventions, strategies targeting adherence seem especially relevant.

Correlatos de atividade física e comportamento sedentário em crianças pré-escolares sul-americanas: revisão de escopo / Correlates of physical activity and sedentary behavior in preschoolers from South America: scoping review / Correlación entre actividad física y comportamiento sedentario en la población preescolar en América del Sur: revisión exploratoria

RESUMO Objetivo. Sintetizar os achados sobre correlatos da atividade física (AF) e do comportamento sedentário (CS) em crianças sul-americanas. Método. Realizou-se uma busca dos artigos no período de 24 de junho até 27 de outubro de 2020, nas bases de dados LILACS, PubMed, SciELO, Scopus e Web of Science. Para ampliar a busca, foram examinadas as referências dos artigos de revisão identificados e realizada uma consulta a um painel de especialistas. Foram incluídos estudos com delineamentos observacional e de intervenção com foco em crianças sul-americanas de zero a 5 anos de idade. Resultados. Dos 3 111 artigos inicialmente identificados, 18 foram elegíveis: 14 com delineamento observacional, 12 realizados no Brasil e 17 conduzidos com pré-escolares (3 a 5 anos de idade). Além do Brasil, os únicos países representados foram o Chile e o Equador. A AF e o CS foram medidos por acelerômetros em sete estudos, porém houve alta variabilidade nos instrumentos e pontos de corte usados. Embora as crianças tenham sido consideradas fisicamente ativas em 12 estudos, seis estudos mostraram que elas despendiam muito tempo em CS. Os domínios de influência mais avaliados foram o individual (14 estudos) e o interpessoal (11 estudos), seguidos pelo ambiental (oito estudos) e o político (um estudo). As intervenções no contexto escolar (quatro estudos) aumentaram os níveis de AF e diminuíram o tempo em CS. Entretanto, as evidências dos estudos transversais e de intervenção apresentaram alto risco de viés. Conclusão. Diante das lacunas identificadas, recomendam-se estudos com delineamentos robustos que incluam mais países sul-americanos, com foco em bebês e crianças com menos de 3 anos de idade e que investiguem correlatos dos domínios ambiental e político.

ABSTRACT Objective. To synthesize the findings on correlates of physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) in South American children. Method. A search was carried out from June 24 to October 27, 2020, in the LILACS, PubMed, SciELO, Scopus and Web of Science databases. To broaden the search, the references of identified review articles were examined, and a panel of experts was surveyed. Observational and interventional studies conducted with South-American children from zero to 5 years of age were included. Results. Of 3 111 articles initially identified, 18 were eligible: 14 observational studies, 12 studies conducted in Brazil, and 17 studies investigating preschool children (3 to 5 years of age). In addition to Brazil, only Chile and Ecuador were represented. PA and SB were measured by accelerometers in seven studies; however, high variability was observed in the instruments and cut-off points used. Although children were classified as physically active in 12 studies, six studies showed that they spent considerable time in SB. Most studies assessed the individual (14 studies) and interpersonal (11 studies) domains, followed by the environmental (eight studies) and political (one study) domains. Interventions in the school context (four studies) increased PA levels and reduced the time spent in SB. However, the evidence from cross-sectional and interventional studies presented a high risk of bias. Conclusions. Given the knowledge gap identified in this review, studies with robust designs, covering additional South American countries are warranted, focusing on infants and children under 3 years of age and investigating correlates in the environmental and political domains.

RESUMEN Objetivo. Resumir los hallazgos sobre la correlación entre actividad física (AF) y comportamiento sedentario (CS) en la población infantil en América del Sur. Método. Se realizó una búsqueda de los artículos publicados entre el 24 de junio y el 27 de octubre del 2020 en las bases de datos LILACS, PubMed, SciELO, Scopus y Web of Science. Para ampliar la búsqueda, se examinaron las referencias de los artículos de revisión encontrados y se consultó con un panel de expertos. Se incluyeron estudios observacionales y de intervención centrados en población infantil de 0 a 5 años de edad en América del Sur. Resultados. De los 3 111 artículos encontrados inicialmente, 18 cumplieron con los criterios establecidos: 14 tenían un diseño observacional, 12 se llevaron a cabo en Brasil y 17 se realizaron con niños y niñas en edad preescolar (de 3 a 5 años). Además de Brasil, los únicos países representados fueron Chile y Ecuador. La AF y el CS se midieron con acelerómetros en 7 estudios, pero se observó una alta variabilidad en los instrumentos y los puntos de corte utilizados. Aunque se consideró que niños y niñas eran físicamente activos en 12 estudios, 6 estudios revelaron que pasaban mucho tiempo en CS. Los ámbitos de influencia más evaluados fueron el individual (14 estudios) y el interpersonal (11 estudios), seguidos del ambiental (8 estudios) y el político (1 estudio). Las intervenciones en el contexto escolar (4 estudios) aumentaron los niveles de AF y disminuyeron el tiempo en CS. Sin embargo, la evidencia de los estudios transversales y de intervención presentó un alto riesgo de sesgo. Conclusiones. En vista de las lagunas detectadas, se recomienda que se realicen estudios con diseño robusto que incluyan más países sudamericanos, se centren en bebés y menores de 3 años e investiguen correlaciones en los ámbitos político y ambiental.

Effects of isometric handgrip training on blood pressure among hypertensive patients seen within public primary healthcare: a randomized controlled trial

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Meta-analyses have demonstrated that isometric handgrip training (IHT) decreases blood pressure in hypertensive individuals. Nonetheless, most studies were conducted in laboratory settings and its effects in real-world settings remain unclear. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effects of IHT on office and ambulatory blood pressure in hypertensive patients attended within primary healthcare. DESIGN AND SETTING: Randomized controlled trial conducted in primary healthcare units within the Family Health Program, Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil. METHODS: 63 hypertensive patients (30-79 years old; 70% female) were randomly allocated into IHT or control groups. IHT was performed three times per week (4 x 2 minutes at 30% of maximal voluntary contraction, one-minute rest between bouts, alternating the hands). Before and after the 12-week training period, office and ambulatory blood pressure and heart rate variability were obtained. The significance level was set at P < 0.05 (two-tailed testing) for all analyses. RESULTS: IHT significantly decreased office systolic blood pressure (IHT: 129 ± 4 versus 121 ± 3 mmHg, P < 0.05; control: 126 ± 4 versus 126 ± 3 mmHg, P > 0.05), whereas there was no effect on diastolic blood pressure (IHT: 83 ± 3 versus 79 ± 2 mmHg, P > 0.05; control: 81 ± 3 versus 77 ± 3 mmHg, P > 0.05). Heart rate variability and ambulatory blood pressure were not altered by the interventions (P > 0.05 for all). CONCLUSION: IHT reduced office systolic blood pressure in hypertensive patients attended within primary care. However, there were effects regarding diastolic blood pressure, ambulatory blood pressure or heart rate variability. CLINICALTRIALS.GOV IDENTIFIER: NCT03216317.

Effects of isometric handgrip training on blood pressure among hypertensive patients seen within public primary healthcare: a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Meta-analyses have demonstrated that isometric handgrip training (IHT) decreases blood pressure in hypertensive individuals. Nonetheless, most studies were conducted in laboratory settings and its effects in real-world settings remain unclear. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effects of IHT on office and ambulatory blood pressure in hypertensive patients attended within primary healthcare. DESIGN AND SETTING: Randomized controlled trial conducted in primary healthcare units within the Family Health Program, Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil. METHODS: 63 hypertensive patients (30-79 years old; 70% female) were randomly allocated into IHT or control groups. IHT was performed three times per week (4 x 2 minutes at 30% of maximal voluntary contraction, one-minute rest between bouts, alternating the hands). Before and after the 12-week training period, office and ambulatory blood pressure and heart rate variability were obtained. The significance level was set at P < 0.05 (two-tailed testing) for all analyses. RESULTS: IHT significantly decreased office systolic blood pressure (IHT: 129 ± 4 versus 121 ± 3 mmHg, P < 0.05; control: 126 ± 4 versus 126 ± 3 mmHg, P > 0.05), whereas there was no effect on diastolic blood pressure (IHT: 83 ± 3 versus 79 ± 2 mmHg, P > 0.05; control: 81 ± 3 versus 77 ± 3 mmHg, P > 0.05). Heart rate variability and ambulatory blood pressure were not altered by the interventions (P > 0.05 for all). CONCLUSION: IHT reduced office systolic blood pressure in hypertensive patients attended within primary care. However, there were effects regarding diastolic blood pressure, ambulatory blood pressure or heart rate variability. CLINICALTRIALS.GOV IDENTIFIER: NCT03216317.

Constructs of poor sleep quality in adolescents: associated factors.

This study aims to evaluate factors associated with sleep quality (overall and by domains) in adolescents. A cross-sectional study. This study was conducted with 1,296 first-year high school students from public schools in the Northern Region of the State of Pernambuco, Brazil. Demographic, socioeconomic, and behavioral data were obtained with a questionnaire. Sleep quality was measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) Body mass index (BMI) was calculated based on the ratio of weight and height squared. Multilevel linear and logistic regressions evaluated factors associated with sleep quality. We observed 53% of adolescents reported poor sleep quality. Adolescents at higher risk of clinical depression were 3.45 times more likely to have poor sleep quality (95%CI: 2.04; 5.81), and each additional unit in the social anxiety score presented 1.03 (95%CI: 1.01; 1.05) higher odds of adolescents having poor sleep quality. Adolescents with depressive symptoms had higher sleep latency, greater sleep disturbance, and greater daytime sleep dysfunction. Social anxiety was associated with sleep latency, sleep disturbance, and daytime sleep dysfunction. Higher risk of clinical depression was associated with all domains related to sleep quality. Negative health perception was associated with sleep disturbance, and physical inactivity was associated with daytime sleep dysfunction. Social anxiety and especially higher risk of clinical depression were determinants of poor sleep quality. Changes in sleep latency, sleep disturbance and daytime sleep dysfunction seems to be relevant to poor sleep quality.

Sensitivity and Specificity of Cutoff Points of Resting Heart Rate from 6,794 Brazilian Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study. / Sensibilidade e Especificidade de Pontos de Corte para Frequência Cardíaca em Repouso de 6.794 Adolescentes Brasileiros: Um Estudo Transversal.

BACKGROUND: Resting heart rate (RHR) may be a useful screening tool for cardiovascular risk. However, RHR cutoff points, an interesting clinical approach, have never been described in young populations. OBJECTIVE: To establish RHR cutoff points in Brazilian adolescents and to analyze whether cutoff points are associated with cardiovascular risk factors. METHODS: The sample was composed of 6,794 adolescents (10 to 19 years old). Blood pressure and RHR were assessed by oscillometric device. Body mass index and waist circumference were also assessed. Receiver operating characteristic curve was adopted to analyze the sensitivity and specificity, and associations of high RHR with cardiovascular risk factors were analyzed by binary logistic regression. A p value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant for all the analyses. RESULTS: Mean RHR values were higher among participants ages 10 to 14 years than 15 to 19 years, for boys (p < 0.001) and girls (< 0.001). The proposed RHR cutoff points for cardiovascular risk factors detection were significant for boys ages 10 to 14 (> 92 bpm) and 15 to 19 years (> 82 bpm), as well as for girls ages 15 to 19 years (> 82 bpm) (p < 0.05 for all), whereas no cutoff point was identified for girls ages 10 to 14 years (p > 0.05). Proposed RHR cutoff points were associated with abdominal obesity, overweight, and high blood pressure in boys in girls. RHR cutoff points were associated with the cluster of cardiovascular risk factors in adolescents ages 15 to 19 years. CONCLUSION: The proposed RHR cutoff points were associated with cardiovascular risk factors in adolescents.

FUNDAMENTO: A frequência cardíaca em repouso (FCR) pode ser uma ferramenta útil de triagem para o risco cardiovascular. Porém, os pontos de corte para FCR nunca foram descritos em populações jovens. OBJETIVO: Estabelecer os pontos de corte para FCR em adolescentes brasileiros e analisar se há associação entre pontos de corte e fatores de risco cardiovascular. MÉTODOS: A amostra foi composta por 6.794 adolescentes (de 10 a 19 anos). A pressão arterial e a FCR foram avaliadas por dispositivo oscilométrico. Também foram avaliados o índice de massa corporal e a circunferência da cintura. Foi adotada a curva ROC para analisar a sensibilidade e especificidade, e as associações de FCR elevada com os fatores de risco cardiovascular foram analisadas por regressão logística binária. Foi considerado estatisticamente significante um valor de p < 0,05 para todas as análises. RESULTADOS: Os valores médios da FCR eram mais altos entre os participantes de 10 a 14 anos do naqueles de 15 a 19 anos, em meninos (p < 0,001) e meninas (< 0,001). Os pontos de corte de FCR propostos para detecção de fatores de risco cardiovascular foram significativos para meninos de 10 a 14 (> 92 bpm) e de 15 a 19 anos (> 82 bpm) e para meninas de 15 a 19 anos (> 82 bpm) (p < 0,05 para todos), enquanto nenhum ponto de corte foi identificado para as meninas de 10 a 14 anos (p > 0,05). Os pontos de corte propostos para a FCR foram associados com obesidade abdominal, sobrepeso e pressão arterial elevada em meninos e meninas. Os pontos de corte da FCR foram associados ao conjunto de fatores de risco cardiovascular em adolescentes de 15 a 19 anos. CONCLUSÕES: Os pontes de corte propostos para a FCR foram associados com os fatores de risco cardiovascular em adolescentes.

Factors associated with neonatal death among adolescent mothers / Fatores associados ao óbito neonatal de mães adolescentes

Abstract Objectives: to analyze factors associated with neonatal death among adolescent mothers. Methods: randomized hospital-based cross-sectional study in a tertiary institution,, data from the Sistema de Informação sobre Nascidos Vivos (Sinasc), (Live Birth Information System), Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade (SIM) (Mortality Information System), and medical records. The study population was comprised of 1,341 adolescents aged 10-19 who had assisted childbirth at the institution between 2012 to 2016. The independent variables were sociodemographic characteristics, care, prenatal, childbirth, birth, and newborn's hospitalization, as well as the baby's characteristics. Logistic regression analysis was carried out to assess the association between neonatal death and explanatory variables. Results: the factors associated with death were from the countryside or other States (OR=2.68; CI95% =1.24-5.81), Apgar scores lower than 7 in the 1st (OR= 9.52; CI95% = 4.15-21.81) and the 5th (OR=4.17; CI95%=1.53-11.34) minutes of life; and birth weight less than 999g (OR=13.37; CI95% =3, 64-49.04) and between 1,500 to 2,499g (OR=3.43; CI95%=1.37-8.58). Conclusions: apgar and low birth weight were associated with the neonatal death among adolescent mothers, as well as the fact they come from the countryside and other States. These findings show, in addition to classic risks, potential difficulties for adolescents in having access to healthcare services in their hometown. To reduce the risks, there is a need for restructuring the maternal and child healthcare network and ensure a social protection network for these girls.

Resumo Objetivos: analisar fatores associados ao óbito neonatal de mães adolescentes. Métodos: estudo transversal de base hospitalar em instituição terciária, randomizado, com dados do Sistema de Informação sobre Nascidos Vivos (Sinasc), Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade (SIM) e de prontuários. A população do estudo compreendeu 1.341 adolescentes de 10 a 19 anos assistidos durante o parto na instituição entre 2012 a 2016. As variáveis independentes foram características sociodemográficas, assistenciais, relacionadas ao pré-natal, parto, nascimento e internamento do recém-nascido, além das características do bebê. Realizou-se análise de regressão logística para avaliar a associação entre óbito neonatal e variáveis explanatórias. Resultados: os fatores associados ao óbito foram municípios do interior e outros estados (OR=2,68; IC95%=1,24-5,81), índices de apgar menor que sete no 1º(OR=9,52; IC95%=4,15-21,81) e no 5º(OR=4,17; IC95%=1,53-11,34) minutos de vida e peso ao nascer menor que 999g (OR=13,37; IC95%= 3,64-49,04) e entre 1500 a 2499g (OR=3,43; IC95%= 1,37-8,58). Conclusões: o apgar e o baixo peso ao nascer se associaram ao óbito neonatal de mães adolescentes além da procedência de municípios do interior e outros estados. Estes achados mostram além de riscos clássicos, potenciais dificuldade das adolescentes em dispor de assistência nos seus lugares de residência. Para reduzir os riscos há necessidade de reorganizar a rede assistencial materno-infantil e garantir uma rede de proteção social a estas meninas.

Sensibilidade e especificidade de pontos de corte para frequência cardíaca em repouso de 6. 794 adolescentes Brasileiros: Um estudo transversal / Sensitivity and specificity of cutoff points of resting heart rate from 6, 794 brazilian adolescents: A cross-sectional study

Resumo Fundamento A frequência cardíaca em repouso (FCR) pode ser uma ferramenta útil de triagem para o risco cardiovascular. Porém, os pontos de corte para FCR nunca foram descritos em populações jovens. Objetivo Estabelecer os pontos de corte para FCR em adolescentes brasileiros e analisar se há associação entre pontos de corte e fatores de risco cardiovascular. Métodos A amostra foi composta por 6.794 adolescentes (de 10 a 19 anos). A pressão arterial e a FCR foram avaliadas por dispositivo oscilométrico. Também foram avaliados o índice de massa corporal e a circunferência da cintura. Foi adotada a curva ROC para analisar a sensibilidade e especificidade, e as associações de FCR elevada com os fatores de risco cardiovascular foram analisadas por regressão logística binária. Foi considerado estatisticamente significante um valor de p < 0,05 para todas as análises. Resultados Os valores médios da FCR eram mais altos entre os participantes de 10 a 14 anos do naqueles de 15 a 19 anos, em meninos (p < 0,001) e meninas (< 0,001). Os pontos de corte de FCR propostos para detecção de fatores de risco cardiovascular foram significativos para meninos de 10 a 14 (> 92 bpm) e de 15 a 19 anos (> 82 bpm) e para meninas de 15 a 19 anos (> 82 bpm) (p < 0,05 para todos), enquanto nenhum ponto de corte foi identificado para as meninas de 10 a 14 anos (p > 0,05). Os pontos de corte propostos para a FCR foram associados com obesidade abdominal, sobrepeso e pressão arterial elevada em meninos e meninas. Os pontos de corte da FCR foram associados ao conjunto de fatores de risco cardiovascular em adolescentes de 15 a 19 anos. Conclusões Os pontes de corte propostos para a FCR foram associados com os fatores de risco cardiovascular em adolescentes.

Abstract Background Resting heart rate (RHR) may be a useful screening tool for cardiovascular risk. However, RHR cutoff points, an interesting clinical approach, have never been described in young populations. Objective To establish RHR cutoff points in Brazilian adolescents and to analyze whether cutoff points are associated with cardiovascular risk factors. Methods The sample was composed of 6,794 adolescents (10 to 19 years old). Blood pressure and RHR were assessed by oscillometric device. Body mass index and waist circumference were also assessed. Receiver operating characteristic curve was adopted to analyze the sensitivity and specificity, and associations of high RHR with cardiovascular risk factors were analyzed by binary logistic regression. A p value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant for all the analyses. Results Mean RHR values were higher among participants ages 10 to 14 years than 15 to 19 years, for boys (p < 0.001) and girls (< 0.001). The proposed RHR cutoff points for cardiovascular risk factors detection were significant for boys ages 10 to 14 (> 92 bpm) and 15 to 19 years (> 82 bpm), as well as for girls ages 15 to 19 years (> 82 bpm) (p < 0.05 for all), whereas no cutoff point was identified for girls ages 10 to 14 years (p > 0.05). Proposed RHR cutoff points were associated with abdominal obesity, overweight, and high blood pressure in boys in girls. RHR cutoff points were associated with the cluster of cardiovascular risk factors in adolescents ages 15 to 19 years. Conclusion The proposed RHR cutoff points were associated with cardiovascular risk factors in adolescents.

Análise da associação entre fumo passivo e consumo de álcool e drogas entre adolescentes / Analysis of the association between passive smoking and alcohol and drug consumption among adolescents

Analisar a associação entre o fumo passivo e o consumo de álcool e drogas ilícitas entre adolescentes. Estudo epidemiológico, descritivo, com abordagem quantitativa e abrangência estadual, em uma amostra de 6.264 adolescentes, captados por amostragem aleatória por conglomerados. Os dados foram recolhidos por meio do Global School-Based Student Health Survey. O teste do Qui-quadrado de Pearson (x²) e a regressão logística binária foram utilizados nas análises dos dados. Observou-se exposição significante ao fumo passivo (70,7%), e identificou-se que a exposição ao fumo passivo esteve associado com o consumo de álcool (OR = 2,04; IC 95%: 1,72 2,42) e drogas ilícitas (OR = 4,33; IC 95%: 2,72 6,90), mesmo entre aqueles adolescentes que não fumam e seus pais não fumam e independentemente do sexo, idade e escolaridade materna. O fumo passivo esteve associado ao consumo de álcool e drogas ilícitas pelos adolescentes, excluindo uso de cigarro por parte dos jovens e dos seus pais

To analyze an association between secondhand smoke and alcohol and illicit drug use among adolescents. Epidemiological, descriptive study, with a quantitative approach and state coverage, in a sample of 6,264 adolescents, captured by random sampling by clusters. Data were collected using the Global School-Based Student Health Survey. Pearson's chi-square test (x²) and binary logistic regression were used in the data analysis. There was a significant exposed to secondhand smoke (70.7%). In addition, it was found that exposure to secondhand smoke was associated with alcohol consumption (OR = 2.04; 95% CI: 1.72 2.42) and illicit drugs (OR = 4.33; 95% CI: 2.72 6.90), even among those adolescents who do not smoke and their parents do not smoke and regardless of gender, age and maternal education. Passive smoking was associated with alcohol and illicit drug use by adolescents, excluding the use of cigarettes by young people and their parents

Inserção dos Cuidados Paliativos na formação dos profissionais de educação física / Insertion of Palliative Care in the training of physical education professionals

A recente Resolução nº 391 do Conselho Federal de Educação Física, de agosto de 2020, estimulou o debate acerca da ampliação do horizonte de atuação do Profissional de Educação Física (PEF) no Brasil, ao definir sua atuação em contextos hospitalares, em atividades relacionadas às áreas de atividades físicas e exercício físico, destinados a promoção, prevenção, proteção, educação, intervenção, recuperação, reabilitação, tratamento e Cuidados Paliativos. Nesse sentido, é importante que os PEF adquiram, ao longo de sua formação, conhecimentos e práticas relacionados aos Cuidados Paliativos (CP). Entretanto, são observadas lacunas na formação profissional e ausência de orientações na Diretriz Curricular Nacional sobre competências, habilidades e atitudes, no que tange a cuidados durante o percurso das doenças, cuidados de fim de vida, luto, e aspectos conceituais dos CP na formação básica do PEF. Assim, este artigo discute a importância da atuação do PEF nos CP, bem como a inclusão de conteúdos próprios à área dos CP em componentes curriculares da formação em Educação Física. Propõe-se, assim, ampliar e qualificar a atuação do PEF, e melhorar a qualidade da assistência prestada a pacientes, e seus familiares, em CP

The recent Resolution nº 391 of the Federal Council of Physical Education, stimulated the debate about the expansion of the horizon of action of the Professional of Physical Education (PPE) in Brazil, when defining his performance in hospital contexts, in activities related to the areas physical activities and physical exercise, aimed at promotion, prevention, protection, education, intervention, recovery, rehabilitation, treatment and Palliative Care (PC). In this sense, it is important that the PEF acquire, throughout their training, knowledge and practices related to Palliative Care (CP). However, gaps in professional training are ob-served and there is no guidance in the National Curricular Guideline on competences, skills and attitudes, regarding care during the course of illnesses, end of life care, mourning, and conceptual aspects of PC in basic training of the PEF. Thus, this article discusses the importance of the performance of the PPE in the PCs, as well as the inclusion of content specific to the PCs area in the curricular components of Physical Education training. Thus, it is proposed to expand and qualify the performance of the PPE, and to improve the quality of care provided to patients, and their families, in Palliative Care

Construct validity of the Individual Lifestyle Profile scale in times of social distancing / Validade de constructo da escala Perfil do Estilo de Vida Individual em tempos de distanciamento social

The aims of the study were to estimate the level of reliability and factorial validity of the "Individual Lifestyle Profile" scale in times of social distancing, through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Therefore, the "Individual Lifestyle Profile" scale in times of social distancing was used in a study carried out with samples of students and employees of higher education institutions from different Brazilian regions. The final sample consisted of 4,694 adults who have answered the online form. For construct evaluation, internal consistency analysis was performed using Cronbach's Alpha (a) and Spearman's correlation. The CFA was used to test the hypothetical factor structure of the scale. Overall internal consistency was a = 0.778 and there were significant correlations, however, less than ± 0.799 for items from the same constructs and ± 0.499 among items from different constructs. In the CFA, after adjustments to the model structure, all indicators were adequate (Goodness-of-fit Index: 0.976; Comparative Fit Index: 0.937; Normalized Fit Indices: 0.932; Tucker-Lewis Indi-ces: 0.914; Root Mean Square Error of Approximation: 0.047; Root Mean-Square Residual: 0.031; Standardized Root Mean-Square Residual: 0.0337), with the exception for chi-square p values and the ratio between chi-square and degrees of freedom. It is concluded that the "Individual Lifestyle Profile" scale in times of social distancing has shown satisfactory internal consistency and factor structure to guide the assessment of lifestyle (individual or groups) and interventions to promote healthy lifestyles

Os objetivos do estudo foram estimar o nível de confiabilidade e validade fatorial da escala "Perfil do Estilo de Vida Individual " em tempos de distanciamento social, por meio da análise fatorial confirmatória (AFC). Para tanto, a escala "Perfil do Estilo de Vida Individual " em tempos de distanciamento social foi empregada em um estudo realizado com amostras de estudantes e servidores de instituições de ensino superior de diferen-tes regiões brasileiras. A amostra final correspondeu a 4.694 adultos que responderam o formulário on-line. Para a avaliação de constructo foi realizada a análise de consistência interna via Alfa de Cronbach's (a) e correlação de Spearman. Empregou-se a AFC para testar a estrutura fatorial hipotética da escala. A con-sistência interna geral foi de a de 0,778 e houve correlações significativas, porém, inferiores a ± 0,799 para os itens dos mesmos constructos e ± 0,499 entre os itens de constructos diferentes. Na AFC, após ajustes na estrutura do modelo, ocorreu a adequação para todos os indicadores (Goodness-of-fit Index: 0,976; Compa-rative Fit Index: 0,937; Normalized Fit Indices: 0,932; Tucker-Lewis Indices: 0,914; Root Mean Square Error of Approximation: 0,047; Root Mean-Square Residual: 0,031; Standardized Root Mean-Square Residual: 0,0337), com a exceção para os valores de p do Qui-quadrado e razão entre Qui-quadrado e graus de liberdade. Conclui-se que a escala "Perfil do Estilo de Vida Individual " em tempos de distanciamento social, mostrou consistência interna e estrutura fatorial satisfatórias para orientar a avaliação do estilo de vida (individual ou de grupos) e as intervenções para promover estilos de vida saudáveis

National guidelines for physical activity in early childhood in American countries: a scoping review / Guias nacionais de atividade física para crianças na primeira infância nos países americanos: revisão de escopo

Our aim was to identify and analyze national guides with recommendations for physical activity for early childhood in the countries of the American continent. A scoping review was carried out on the websites of the national education, sport, and/or health agencies of the 36 American countries, on the Google website, and through contact with professionals. The synthesis was developed from the exploration of the material, looking for approaches and recommendations in the domains "benefits", "dose", "types and examples", "practice guidelines" and "sedentary behavior". From 21 documents initially assessed, four composed the synthesis (Canada, Chile, United States and Uruguay). All included guides converged on recommendations about the importance of physical activity for weight control and healthy growth and development (e.g., benefits domain); the importance of children be-ing physically active at various times of the day, highlighting the provision of "joyful, safe, supervised, and age-appropriate physical activity" and "participation in structured-play activities" (e.g., types and examples domain); support for the provision of "fun, safe, supervised, and age-appropriate physical activity" (e.g., types and examples domain) and the support from parents or caregivers to stimulate activities that encourage responsibility and autonomy (e.g., practice orientation domain). Finally, considering that strategies to promote physical activity involve addressing individual and contextual factors, it is important that future national guides for physical activity involve recommendations in domains that are determinants of physical activity in this age group, such as support from primary caregivers and the built environment, in its access and possibilities

Objetivou-se identificar e analisar guias nacionais com recomendações de atividade física para a primeira infância nos países do continente americano. Foi realizada uma revisão de escopo nos sítios eletrônicos das agências nacionais de educação, esporte e/ou saúde dos 36 países americanos, no sítio eletrônico Google e por meio de contatos com profissionais. A síntese foi elaborada a partir da exploração do material, visando abordagens e recomendações nos domínios "benefícios", "dose", "tipos e exemplos", "orientações para a práti-ca" e "comportamento sedentário". De 21 documentos avaliados, quatro foram encaminhados para a síntese (Canadá, Chile, Estados Unidos e Uruguai). Todos os guias incluídos convergiram quanto às recomenda-ções sobre a importância da atividade física para controle do peso e para o crescimento e desenvolvimento saudáveis (e.g., domínio benefícios); sobre a importância das crianças serem fisicamente ativas em vários momentos do dia, destacando a oferta de "atividades físicas alegres, seguras, supervisionadas e adequadas à idade" e a "participação em jogos, brincadeiras e atividades estruturadas" (e.g., domínio tipos e exemplos); e sobre o apoio dos pais e responsáveis ou dos cuidadores ao estímulo de atividades que incentivem a respon-sabilidade e a autonomia (e.g., domínio orientação para a prática). Por fim, considerando que estratégias de promoção de atividade física envolvem a abordagem de fatores individuais e contextuais, é importante que futuros guias nacionais de atividade física envolvam recomendações em domínios que são determinantes da atividade física nesta faixa etária, como o suporte dos cuidadores primários e o ambiente construído, em seu acesso e possibilidades

Validade Preliminar da Escala Perfil do Estilo de Vida Individual para uso online em tempos de distanciamento social / Preliminary validity of Individual Lifestyle Profile Scale for online use in times of social distancing

Este estudo teve como objetivo estimar a validade de conteúdo e o nível de reprodutibilidade da escala "Perfil do Estilo de Vida Individual" em tempos de distanciamento social. Os itens da escala original proposta por Nahas, Barros e Francalacci, foram modificados para avaliar o estilo de vida de adultos, de forma online, durante o período distanciamento social, a exemplo, a pandemia da COVID-19. As 15 questões contemplaram comportamentos recomendados por especialistas em saúde durante a pandemia, mantendo-se os cinco domínios originais propostos na versão inicial: alimentação saudável, atividade física, controle do estresse, relacionamentos e comportamentos pre-ventivos. Foram avaliadas a adequação e pertinência por meio do julgamento de especialistas (n = 38) e, posteriormente, os profissionais e estudantes (n = 71) de Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES) avaliaram a clareza dos itens. A reprodutibilidade foi estimada via coeficiente Kappa. O nível de significância adotado foi de 5%. A validade de conteúdo mostrou valores médios de adequação, pertinência e clareza de 92,4%, 87,1% e 78,7%, respectivamente. Participaram na etapa de reprodu-tibilidade 83 estudantes e profissionais de IES e o nível de concordância variou de 0,358 referente ao item "G" (Procuro ocupar a maior parte do meu dia com atividades interessantes) a 0,626 relativo ao item "N" (Mantenho o distanciamento físico e uso máscara sempre que preciso sair). Conclui-se que a escala "Perfil do Estilo de Vida Individual" em tempos de distanciamento social apresentou satisfatória validade de conteúdo e os níveis de reprodutibilidade podem ser considerados aceitáveis para escalas desta natureza

This study aimed to estimate the content validation and the reproducibility level of the "Individual Lifestyle Profile" scale in times of social distancing. The items on the scale originally proposed by Nahas, Barros and Francalacci, were modified to assess the lifestyle of adults, of online form, during social distancing period, for example the COVID-19 pandemic. The 15 questions covered the behavior considered by health experts during a pandemic, maintaining the original five domains proposed in the initial version: healthy eating, physical activity, stress control, preventive behavior and relationships. Adequacy and pertinence were assessed through the judgment of specialists (n = 38) and, subsequently, professionals and students (n = 71) from Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) assess the clarity of the items. Reproducibility was estimated using the Kappa coefficient. The level of significance adopted was 5%. The average of the validity content of adequacy, relevance and clarity was 92.4%, 87.1% and 78.7%, respectively. 83 students and professionals of HEI participated in the reproducibility stage and the level of agreement ranged from 0.358 for item "G" (I try to occupy most of my day with interesting activities) to 0.626 for item "N " (I keep my physical distance and wear a mask whenever I need to leave). Concluded that "Individual Lifestyle Profile" scale in times of social distancing presented satisfactory content validity and reproducibility levels may be acceptable for scales of this nature

Atividade física para crianças até 5 anos: Guia de Atividade Física para a População Brasileira / Physical activity for children up to 5 years old: Physical Activity Guidelines for the Brazilian Population

Este artigo descreve o processo de construção das recomendações de atividade física para crianças de até cinco anos incluídas no Guia de Atividade Física para a População Brasileira. O desenvolvimento destas recomendações tomou por base as diretrizes propostas pela Organização Mundial da Saúde em 2019. Complementarmente, buscou-se suporte teórico nas seguintes estratégias: 1-revisão de escopo, conduzida de modo a atualizar o corpo de evidências acerca dos correlatos de determinantes da atividade física em crianças de até cinco anos; 2-síntese de guias nacionais de atividade física; 3-escuta com pais e professores, a fim de identificar o grau de dificuldade destes em entenderem as recomendações contidas na proposta apresentada pela Organização Mundial de Saúde, além de barreiras e estratégias para maior envolvimento das crianças em atividades físicas; e, 4-consulta pú-blica. Todas as ações foram desenvolvidas no período de maio a dezembro de 2020, por um grupo de trabalho constituído por pesquisadores com experiência na temática e representantes do Ministério da Saúde. Como resultado, foram incluídas no Guia um total de 35 recomendações, sendo 10 rela-cionadas aos benefícios, quatro à dose, sete aos tipos de atividades, sete às orientações para prática e outras sete relacionadas à redução de comportamento sedentário. Quando pertinente e possível, estas recomendações foram diferenciadas para crianças do nascimento até um ano de vida, de um e dois anos e de três a cinco anos. A mensagem principal é de que qualquer atividade física é melhor do que nenhuma e de que o comportamento sedentário deve ser reduzido

This paper describes the process of establishing physical activity recommendations for children up to five years old included in the Physical Activity Guidelines for the Brazilian Population. The development of these rec-ommendations was based on the guidelines proposed by the World Health Organization in 2019. Theoretical support was gathered by using the following strategies: 1-Scoping review conducted to update the body of knowledge about the correlates and determinants of physical activity in children 0-5 years old; 2-synthesis of the existing national physical activity guidelines; 3-Online interviews with parents and teachers aiming to identify their degree of difficulty in understanding the recommendations contained in the World Health Organization Physical Activity guidelines and to identify barriers and strategies for improving the involve-ment of children in physical activities; and, 4-Public consultation. All actions were developed in the period from May to December 2020, by a working group composed of researchers with expertise in this field and representatives of the Ministry of Health. As a result, a total of 35 recommendations were included in the Brazilian guidelines, 10 of which were related to benefits, four to the dose, seven to the types of activities, seven to the strategies for improving practice, and seven others related to the reduction of sedentary behavior. When relevant and possible, these recommendations were differentiated for children from birth to one year of age, 1-2 years, and 3-5 years. The main message is that any physical activity is better than none and that sedentary behavior should be reduced